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Analysis of nonlinear effects on ultrashort laser pulses in emerging optical fiber technologies

MOUNIR KHELLADI1, DJELLOUL AISSAOUI2, ABDELHALIM RABEHI2, ABDELMALEK DOUARA3, ABDELAZIZ RABEHI2,* , MOHAMED BENGHANEM4,*

Affiliation

  1. Telecommunication department, Faculty of Technology, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
  2. Laboratory of Telecommunication and Smart Systems (LTSS), Faculty of Science and Technology University of Djelfa, PO Box 3117, Djelfa 17000, Algeria
  3. Faculty of Science and Technology, Tissemsilt university, Tissemsilt 38000, Algeria
  4. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Ultrashort laser pulses, characterized by pulse durations in the picosecond to femtosecond range, present significant potential for enabling ultra-high data rate transmission in optical communication systems. Understanding the propagation of these pulses in nonlinear media is critical due to the complex effects they encounter, including chromatic dispersion and various nonlinear phenomena. The propagation of ultrashort laser pulses in optical fibers is governed by the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GNLSE), which incorporates effects such as self-phase modulation (SPM), cross-phase modulation (XPM), self-steepening (SS), and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). This equation effectively models the interplay between dispersion and nonlinearity in various fiber structures, including silica fiber (SiO₂), air-silica, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), and Air-filled core. Analysis reveals that air-silica outperforms conventional fibers in terms of pulse compression and peak power handling. Our simulations reveal compelling pulse dynamics: an initial 8 ps pulse undergoes width compression to 4.04 ps, while its peak power intensifies from 1.23 kW to 69 kW upon propagation. Their reduced dispersion and nonlinear interactions make them optimal candidates for high-fidelity ultrashort pulse transmission..

Keywords

Ultrashort laser pulses, Nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Photonic crystal fiber, Hollow-core fiber, Dispersion, Nonlinear effects.

Submitted at: Aug. 7, 2025
Accepted at: April 6, 2026

Citation

MOUNIR KHELLADI, DJELLOUL AISSAOUI, ABDELHALIM RABEHI, ABDELMALEK DOUARA, ABDELAZIZ RABEHI, MOHAMED BENGHANEM, Analysis of nonlinear effects on ultrashort laser pulses in emerging optical fiber technologies, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials Vol. 28, Iss. 3-4, pp. 115-133 (2026)