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Performance analysis of Hermitte Gaussian laser modes in free space optical communication under atmospheric turbulence

K. BHARGAVA1, G. G. SONI1,* , S. BANDE2, A. TRIPATHI3

Affiliation

  1. Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering, Shri G S Institute of Technology and Science, Indore, India
  2. Department of Electronics & Telecomminication, Institute of Engineering & Technology, DAVV, Indore, India
  3. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Madurai, India

Abstract

Free Space Optical (FSO) communication is a key technology for high-bandwidth, secure, and efficient wireless communication. This work investigates the performance of Hermite Gaussian (HG) laser modes in FSO systems under varying atmospheric turbulence conditions. Using Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM), four HG modes (HG00, HG01, HG02, HG03) were transmitted over a single wavelength at a data rate of 1 Gbps. The system setup, modelled using Optisystem software, incorporated a Mach-Zehnder phase modulator (MZM) and spatial demultiplexer, operating at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Key Quality of Service (QoS) metrics, including Quality (Q) factor, Bit Error Rate (BER), and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), were evaluated to assess the impact of turbulence, attenuation, and geometrical losses. The findings indicate that the fundamental mode HG00 consistently outperformed higher-order modes due to its simpler intensity distribution. The four HG modes under consideration shows significant Q factor and BER up to 900 meters under low turbulence conditions. Although under strong turbulence regime HG00 shows Q factor of  12 for 600 m link range whereas the Q-factor for higher-order HG modes degrades significantly to around 6. The results underscore the need for advanced modulation techniques and adaptive methods to enhance FSO system reliability in challenging atmospheric conditions..

Keywords

FSO, MDM, Turbulence, HG modes, QoS.

Submitted at: June 9, 2025
Accepted at: April 6, 2026

Citation

K. BHARGAVA, G. G. SONI, S. BANDE, A. TRIPATHI, Performance analysis of Hermitte Gaussian laser modes in free space optical communication under atmospheric turbulence, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials Vol. 28, Iss. 3-4, pp. 143-149 (2026)